Type II Collagen (Col2a1) in Axial Skeletal Formation of Lizard Tail

Chondrocytes express chondrocyte-specific extracellular matrix proteins such as type II, IX, XI collagens and aggrecan, while the hypertrophic chondrocytes tend to produce matrix high in type I and X collagens (Cancedda et al., 1995; Erlebacher et al., 1995; Hall & Miyake, 1995; Niu et al., 2016). Type II collagen is encoded by the type II procollagen gene (Col2a1) (Hering et al., 2014; Cruet-Hennequart et al., 2015) and its expression is usually used as an early key marker of chondrogenic cells (Mori-Akiyama et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2008). In mouse embryo, Sox9 is co-expressed with Col2a1, suggesting that direct activation of Col2a1 by Sox9 is crucial in activating genes that encode cartilage extracellular matrix proteins (Lefebvre & de Crombrugghe, 1998; Lefebvre et al., 1998; Grogan et al., 2008).

Chondrocytes begin to synthesize type II collagen in the form of a procollagen molecule with a triple-helical α1 (II) chains. This procollagen molecule has an amino and carboxyl propeptide which then are cleaved to form the type II collagen fibrils (McAlinden et al., 2008). This molecule is the major collagen component of cartilage extracellular matrix providing tensile properties to the cartilage tissue (Hering et al., 2014).

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